This manual is part of the Integrated Resource Recovery (Waste Management and Recycling) series, no. 8 a joint contribution by the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank.

Incluye bibliografía.

List of tables and figures -- 1. Overview -- 2. Oceanography at the margin -- 3. Ecological design -- 4. Hydraulic design for ocean outfalls -- 5. Construction material -- 6. On-bottom stability -- 7. Stress analysis -- 8. Shore approaches -- 9. Corrosion control -- 10. The state of the art of marine outfall construction -- 11. Construction methods -- 12. Trenching and backfilling -- 13. Construction monitoring and inspection -- 14. Ocean outfall performance monitoring -- 15. Case studies -- 16. Costs -- Appendix

This manual presents information on wastewater management practices for coastal cities and the options available for protecting the coastal environment. It reviews the current state of knowledge on the planning, design and construction of ocean outfalls for ultimate disposal in the marine environment. The scope of the manual includes the scientific basis for understanding what happens to wastes discharged into the nearshore marine environment and the implications for appropriate ecological design. It also covers the engineering framework for outfall planning and site selection, hydraulic design of outfall pipelines and diffusers, selection of pipeline material, analysis of on-bottom stability and stresses on pipelines, and determination of shore approaches. Other topics include corrosion control; state of the art in marine outfall construction, trenching, back filling; and construction monitoring and inspection. Finally, consideration is given to performance monitoring for ocean outfalls. The report rounds out the presentation of scientific and technological information with a series of case studies from both developed and developing countries which illustrate the application of these principles under a variety of oceanographic, ecological and socieconomic conditions.