Incluye bibliografía

Foreword -- Executive summary -- 1. Socioeconomic background -- 2. The TB epidemic -- 3. The HIV/AIDS epidemic -- 4. Potential impact of TB control, with implications for HIV/AIDS -- Annex 1: technical terms -- Bibliography -- Boxes, figures, and tables.

Epidemics of preventable diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are growing rapidly in the Russian Federation. According to national data, incidence of these diseases has increased from over two times (TB) to almost sixty times (STIs); tens of thousands of individuals have HIV/AIDS, while many hundreds of thousands have TB and STIs. These data likely underestimate the extent of the problem, given the growing inefficiency of the reporting system. To large extent the public health sector continues to use outdated, costly and ineffective strategies for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Of special concern is the epidemiological situation in Russian prisons, which house approximately 1.2 million prisoners: rates of TB and HIV/AIDS are tens of times higher among prisoners than in the general population.