A study prepared by the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER)

Part I. The Political Economy of Clean Energy Transitions: 1:Introduction and Synthesis, Douglas Arent, Channing Arndt, Mackay Miller, Finn Tarp, and Owen Zinaman --2:The history and politics of energy transitions: Comparing contested views and finding common ground, Benjamin K. Sovacool --
Part II. Climate Policy:3:Carbon pricing under political Constraints: insights for accelerating clean energy transitions, Jesse D. Jenkins and Valerie J. Karplus -- 4:Border adjustment mechanisms: Elements for economic, legal, and political analysis, Julien Bueb, Lilian Richieri Hanania, and Alice Le Clézio
5:Support policies for renewables: Instrument choice and instrument change from a public choice perspective, Erik Gawel, Sebastian Strunz, and Paul Lehmann -- Part III. Institutions and Governance
6:Varieties of clean energy transitions in Europe: Political-economic foundations of onshore and offshore wind development, Stefan Cetkovic, Aron Buzogány, and Miranda Schreurs - 7:The political economy of energy innovation, Shouro Dasgupta, Enrica De Cian, and Elena Verdolini -- 8:Is feed-in-tariff policy effective for increasing deployment of renewable energy in Indonesia?, Dewi Yuliani -- 9:Do political economy factors matter in explaining the increase in the production of bioenergy?, Éric Nazindigouba Kere -- 10:Understanding indicator choice for the assessment of RD&D financing of low-carbon energy technologies: Lessons from the Nordic countries, Jonas Sonnenschein -- 11:An inquiry into the political economy of the global clean energy transition policies and Nigeria's federal and state governments' fiscal policies, David Onyinyechi Agu and Evelyn Nwamaka Ogbeide-Osaretin -- Part IV. Actors and Interests --
12:Governing clean energy transitions in China and India, Karoliina Isoaho, Alexandra Goritz, and Nicolai Schulz political economy framework for wind power: Does China break the mould?, Michael R. Davidson, Fredrich Kahrl, and Valerie J. Karplus -- 14:The social shaping of nuclear energy technology in South Africa, Britta Rennkamp and Radhika Bhuyan -- 15:European energy security: challenges and green opportunities, Almas Heshmati and Shahrouz Abolhosseini -- Part V. Incumbency -- 16:Incumbancy and the legal configuration of hydrocarbon infrastructure, Ross Astoria -- 17:Global trends in the political economy of smart grids, Cherrelle Eid, Rudi Hakvoort, Martin de Jong -- 18:Falling oil prices and sustainable energy transition: Towards a multilateral agreement on fossil-fuel subsidies, Henok Birhanu Asmelash --
Part VI. Sector Reform -- 19:Post-apartheid electricity policy and the emergence of South Africa's renewable energy sector, Lucy Baker -- 20:Political economy of Nigerian power sector reform, Eric Kehinde Ogunleye
21:Climate change policy and power sector reform in Mexico under the golden age of gas, José María Valenzuela and Isabel Studer -- 22:Sell the oil deposits! A financial proposal to keep the oil underground in the Yasuni National Park, Ecuador, Santiago Bucaram, Mario Andrés Fernández, and Diego Grijalva
Part VII. Social Inclusion -- 23:Integrating clean energy use in national poverty reduction strategies: Opportunities and challenges in Rwanda's Girinka programme, Chika Ezeanya and Abel Kennedy --
24:Renewable energy in the Brazilian Amazon: the drivers of political economy and climate, Sabrina McCormick -- 25:The political economy of household thermal energy choices in developing countries: comparing the LPG sectors in Indonesia and South Africa, Wikus Kruger, Louise Tait, and Jiska de Groot --
Part VIII. Regional Dynamics -- 26:The linkages of energy, water, and land use in Southeast Asia: Challenges and opportunities for the Mekong region, Kim Hang Pham Do and Ariel Dinar --
27:The political economy of clean energy transitions at sub-national level: Understanding the role of international climate regimes in energy policy in two Brazilian states, Jose A. Puppim de Oliveira and Celio Andrade -- 28:Implementing EU renewable energy policy at the subnational level: navigating between conflicting interests, Gilles Lepesant -- Part IX. Moving Forward -- 29:Moving forward, Douglas Arent, Channing Arndt, Mackay Miller, Finn Tarp, and Owen Zinaman.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The 21st Conference of the Parties (CoP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) shifted the nature of the political economy challenge associated with achieving a global emissions trajectory that is consistent with a stable climate. The shifts generated by CoP21 place country decision-making and country policies at centre stage. Under moderately optimistic assumptions concerning the vigour with which CoP21 objectives are pursued, nearly every country will attempt to design and implement the most promising and locally relevant policies for achieving their agreed contribution to global mitigation. These policies will vary dramatically across countries as they embark on an unprecedented era of policy experimentation in driving a clean energy transition.

This book steps into this new world of broad-scale and locally relevant policy experimentation. The chapters focus on the political economy of clean energy transition with an emphasis on specific issues encountered in both developed and developing countries. The authors contribute a broad diversity of experience drawn from all major regions of the world, representing a compendium of what has been learned from recent initiatives, mostly (but not exclusively) at country level, to reduce GHG emissions. As this new era of experimentation dawns, their contributions are both relevant and timely.