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008			100331s2001 dcu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a0-8213-4963-5
040			_aarcduce
082			_a361.94965
090			_c16904 _d16904
100			_aRashid, Mansoora
245			_aHousehold welfare, the labor market, and social programs in Albania _c/ Mansoora Rashid, Vajeera Dorabawila, Richard Adams
260			_bWorld Bank _aWashington, D.C. _c2001
300			_avii, 83 p. : _bil.
490			_aWorld Bank technical paper _vno. 503 _x0253-7494
504			_aIncluye bibliografía
505			_aAcknowledgment -- Abstract -- Foreword -- 1. Executive summary -- 2. Household welfare in Albania -in 1996 -- 3. The labor market -- 4. Public programs in rural Albania -- 5. References and bibliography -- Statistical annex -- Tables -- Figures.
520			_aThe paper provides an overview of household welfare, labor markets, and social programs in Albania, outside of its capital, in 1996. At the time, Albania was in a cross roads, from a period of phenomenal growth, to a series of economic crisis, though still ranking as the poorest country in the Central and Eastern Europe Region. The main findings suggest that the majority of the poor are rural, self-employed in agriculture, a result of Albania ' s large rural population that is mainly employed in subsistence agriculture. These households also have the highest poverty incidence, followed by out of labor force individuals, and the unemployed. Not surprising, the highest poverty incidence is in the rural north, requiring subsidized wheat, and cash transfers to survive difficult winters. Interestingly, migration is a major coping strategy in Albania: households with no migrants, were poorer than those where a family member was working abroad. The study raises concern about the education system, and safety nets, considering there are high drop out rates in basic, and secondary education among the poor, and, education spending is biased against the poor, except in basic education. Moreover, health outcomes are particularly worse among the poor. The study notes that outside of pensions, Albania ' s social protection system appears moderately well targeted to the poor, however, high tax rates, and limited wage base, makes a contribution based social protection system questionable.
648			_a1990-1996
650			_aPROGRAMAS SOCIALES
650			_aMERCADO DE TRABAJO
650			_aALIVIO DE LA POBREZA
650			_aCONDICIONES SOCIALES
650			_aCONDICIONES ECONOMICAS
651			_aALBANIA
653			_aMITIGACION DE LA POBREZA
653			_aREDUCCION DE LA POBREZA
653			_aCOYUNTURA ECONOMICA
653			_aSITUACION ECONOMICA
700			_aDorabawila, Vajeera
700			_aAdams, Richard
710			_aBanco Mundial
942			_cLIBR _j361.94965 R 48006
999			_c16875 _d16875